TY - JOUR
T1 - Teacher immediacy scales: Testing for validity across cultures
AU - Zhang, Qin
AU - Oetzel, John G.
AU - Gao, Xiaofang
AU - Wilcox, Richard G.
AU - Takai, Jiro
PY - 2007/1/1
Y1 - 2007/1/1
N2 - Cross-cultural validity of teacher immediacy scales is a constant concern in instructional communication research. The present study examines the validity of two existing teacher immediacy scales: the Revised Nonverbal Immediacy Measure (RNIM) and the Chinese Teacher Immediacy Scale (CTIS) in U.S., Chinese, German, and Japanese cultures. Results of confirmatory factor analysis and Pearson correlation provide evidence for the validity of both the RNIM and the CTIS. Overall, both scales are found to have adequate factorial, construct, convergent, and discriminant validity pan-culturally and within culture, despite some slight variations across cultures. Implications and future directions are also addressed.
AB - Cross-cultural validity of teacher immediacy scales is a constant concern in instructional communication research. The present study examines the validity of two existing teacher immediacy scales: the Revised Nonverbal Immediacy Measure (RNIM) and the Chinese Teacher Immediacy Scale (CTIS) in U.S., Chinese, German, and Japanese cultures. Results of confirmatory factor analysis and Pearson correlation provide evidence for the validity of both the RNIM and the CTIS. Overall, both scales are found to have adequate factorial, construct, convergent, and discriminant validity pan-culturally and within culture, despite some slight variations across cultures. Implications and future directions are also addressed.
KW - Immediacy
KW - Teacher Immediacy Scales
KW - Cross-Culture
KW - Validity
UR - https://digitalcommons.fairfield.edu/communications-facultypubs/26
UR - https://libraryapps.fairfield.edu/openurl?paramdict=en-US&genre=article&spage=228&SS_issnh=0363-4523&issn=03634523&SS_referer=http%3A%2F%2Fscholar.google.com%2Fscholar%3Fhl%3Den%26q%3D%2522Teacher%2Bimmediacy%2Bscales%253A%2BTesting%2Bfor%2Bvalidity%2Bacross%2Bcultures.%26btnG%3D%26as_sdt%3D1%252C7%26as_sdtp%3D&issue=2&auinit=Q&date=2007-04&aulast=Zhang&atitle=Teacher+Immediacy+Scales%3A+Testing+for+Validity+Across+Cultures&title=Communication+Education&localeid=1033&aufirst=Qin¶mdict=en-US&SS_LibHash=DS3US6US9G&sid=google&pages=228-248&SS_source=51&l=DS3US6US9G&SS_meta_enhanced=true&SS_ReferentFormat=JournalFormat&SS_doi=10.1080%2F03634520601089092&au=Zhang%2C+Qin&volume=56&SS_RequestType=1&epage=248&&SS_PostParamDict=disableOneClick
U2 - 10.1080/03634520601089092
DO - 10.1080/03634520601089092
M3 - Article
VL - 56
JO - Communication Education
JF - Communication Education
ER -