Measurement of the N→Δ+(1232) Transition at High-Momentum Transfer by π0 Electroproduction

We report a new measurement of the exclusive electroproduction reaction γ+p→π0p to explore the evolution from soft nonperturbative physics to hard processes via the Q2 dependence of the magnetic (M1+), electric (E1+), and scalar (S1+) multipoles in the N→Δ transition. 9000 differential cross section data points cover W from threshold to 1.4  GeV/c2, 4π center-of-mass solid angle, and Q2 from 3 to 6  GeV2/c2, the highest yet achieved. It is found that the magnetic form factor G+M decreases with Q2 more steeply than the proton magnetic form factor, the ratio E1+/M1+ is small and negative, indicating strong helicity nonconservation, and the ratio S1+/M1+ is negative, while its magnitude increases with Q2.